AI in Space Exploration: How is AI Helping Us Reach the Stars

Over the years, humans have attempted to solve numerous space-related issues. The partnership between humans and machines, supported by innovative and enabling technology, has been essential to this process and has made discoveries and breakthroughs possible. If a more significant human presence in space is required, we must maximize the few resources available. And that brings us to AI in space exploration

As AI starts to be used in space travel, we are seeing a massive shift in the way things are thought about. Explorers used to go on dangerous trips alone, but those days are over. Since then, AI has been a constant friend, increasing our skills and taking us further into space. We can push the limits of what we thought was possible in this new era because advanced computing, machine learning, and robots work together. 

AI integration is crucial for ambitious space missions. Space’s many obstacles and unknowns require sophisticated systems that can handle large volumes of data, adapt to changing conditions, and make snap judgments. AI gives us these tools for safe and successful space exploration. AI helps us explore the universe with unparalleled precision and effectiveness by minimizing human error, improving efficiency, and enabling autonomous decision-making.

How is AI in Space Exploration is Changing the Game

1. Manufacturing

AI can dramatically improve satellite manufacturing, mainly when many elements must be meticulously assembled. New AI systems can undertake time-consuming yet critical jobs like cleaning satellite parts. Measurements may be collected automatically, and engineers can readily receive updates on the health of essential components. This AI application will produce profit and save production time, allowing satellite companies to launch satellites sooner.

2. Enhancing Earth Exploration and Imaging

Agencies and governments can use AI technologies to collect precise earth exploration data. Robotics can be used to identify monitoring zones by learning to understand and act on signals it receives while ignoring enormous amounts of useless data. According to the European Space Agency (ESA), satellites can provide more than 150 Terabytes (TB) of data daily. AI would cut expenses, increase mission and battery life, and generate higher-quality environmental imaging data. Earth imaging data is already being utilized to provide governments and businesses with meaningful insights, such as estimating macroeconomic activities to monitor migrant flows and the impact of climate change more accurately.

3. Operations, Telemetry, and Control

Some companies use artificial intelligence to monitor telemetry and send input to satellite controllers. SpaceX, for example, has integrated AI operations to prevent satellite collisions. However, the technology might be utilized for other purposes, such as automatically performing debris avoidance techniques. While it may contribute to the solution to the space debris problem, several experts have expressed reservations about the need for operators to share ephemeris data. Satellite Innovations Group, Airbus, and the Space Data Association have been investigating potential applications for these techniques.

However, the extensive usage of AI raises the potential of unauthorized system hacking, such as software manipulation, leading to signal filtering, satellite takeover, and destruction. AI creates new threats but can also enable preventative cybersecurity applications, helping operators stay ahead of criminals.

4. Dynamic Spectrum Detection and Avoidance

Dynamic spectrum utilization is another application of AI in the space sector. Wi-Fi now employs Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) that could be used in the next generation of satellites. According to an IEEE paper, RLAN technology can be improved to reduce interference and increase spectral efficiency. However, because of the typical lifespan of satellites, any technological implementation of Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) may take several years to roll out, and spectrum modifications will necessitate international regulation change and compromise within the ITU.

At various stages of satellite orbit, technology can learn to detect and prevent co-channel interference. Deep learning is being considered as the number of NGSO constellations becomes more challenging to manage.

The Future of AI in Space Exploration

Space exploration is the focus of numerous ongoing research initiatives that employ AI. Although AI is advancing in its ability to aid in exploring the universe, it depends on human intervention and guidance. AI uses cutting-edge technology and ongoing inquiry to provide new insights into space.

Furthermore, We move closer to comprehending the universe and our position with every discovery. Again, with AI as our guide, the possibilities are boundless, and the cosmos calls.

NOTE: The views expressed in this article are those of the author and not of Emeritus.